Solar lighting full guide

China is a big energy consuming country. Energy consumption is dominated by coal, oil, and natural gas. These raw materials have limited reserves and are non-renewable. Moreover, energy consumption emits carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides at the same time, leading to the global greenhouse effect and acid rain, destroying the environment. Therefore, the development and utilization of renewable energy is of great significance for ensuring energy security, protecting the ecological environment, and achieving sustainable development. Solar lighting is developing rapidly, and its installations cover almost the entire lighting field. The market demand for solar lighting products is increasing day by day, and the requirements for product quality are also getting higher and higher.

Solar lighting uses solar energy as the energy source and realizes photoelectric conversion through solar cells. During the day, the battery is used to accumulate and store electric energy, and the controller supplies power to the electric light source at night to achieve the required functional lighting.

Environment and characteristics

1. Ambient temperature change range: -40~50℃. When selecting the light source and various electrical components, the use and lifespan under this ambient temperature must be considered.

2. Due to the erosion and interference of rain, snow, lightning and hail, reasonable safety protection level and lightning protection grounding must be provided.

3. Sufficient capacity of solar panels and storage batteries is required for continuous rainy days.

4. The voltage of the battery can reach 14.7V when it is full, and it can drop to about 10.7V when it is discharged, and the voltage of the battery will drop to about 10V in rainy days. In such a situation, on the one hand, the battery must be protected by the controller, and on the other hand, it must be ensured that the light source can be reliably started and work stably at both high and low voltages.

Solar lighting is composed of solar cells, charge and discharge controllers, storage batteries, lighting components and cables between them.

classification

1. According to the power source classification of solar photovoltaic lighting

(1) Independent use of solar photovoltaic lighting

Independent use of solar photovoltaic lighting is a combination of solar cell components, storage batteries, lighting components, controllers, and mechanical structures. It uses solar energy as an energy source and is off-grid outdoors and used independently. It contains one or more lighting components. Device. It needs to be equipped with larger solar cells (3 to 5 times the power of the light source) and batteries to store energy.

(2) Solar lighting with complementary wind and solar lighting

Add wind turbines and solar cells to independently use solar lighting devices to increase efficiency and reduce the design capacity of solar cells.

(3) Solar and city electricity complementary lighting

Solar energy and city electricity complementary solar lighting uses solar energy as the main energy source for lighting that night. When the battery energy storage is insufficient on cloudy and rainy days, the lighting device powered by the city electricity can reduce the installed capacity of solar cells and storage batteries.

2. Classified according to the occasion and function of use

(1) Solar signal light

The role of navigation, aviation and land traffic signal lights is very important. In many places, power grids cannot provide power. Solar signal lights can solve the problem of power supply. The light source is mainly LED light source with small particles. Achieved good economic and social benefits.

(2) Solar lawn light

The power of the light source is 0.1~1W, and small-particle light-emitting diodes (LED) are generally used as the main light source. The power of the solar panel is 0.5~3W, and two batteries such as 1.2V nickel battery can be used.

(3) Solar landscape light

It is used in squares, parks, green spaces and other places, using various shapes of low-power LED point light sources, line light sources, and cold cathode modeling lights to beautify the environment. Solar landscape lights can get better landscape lighting effects without destroying the green space.

(4) Solar marking lights

It is used for the lighting of night guidance instructions, house numbers, and intersection signs. The requirement for the luminous flux of the light source is not high, the configuration requirement of the system is low, and the usage is large. The light source of the sign lamp can generally be a low-power LED or cold cathode lamp.

(5)Solar street light

Applied to village roads and country roads, it is one of the main applications of solar photovoltaic lighting devices. The light sources used are low-power high-pressure gas discharge (HID) lamps, fluorescent lamps, low-pressure sodium lamps, and high-power LEDs. Due to its overall power limitation, there are not many cases applied to urban arterial roads. With the complement of municipal lines, solar photovoltaic lighting street lights will be more and more applied on the main road.

(6)Solar insecticidal lamp

Used in orchards, plantations, parks, lawns and other places. Generally, fluorescent lamps with a specific spectrum are used, and the more advanced use of LED violet lamps, through its specific spectrum radiation to trap and kill pests.

(7) Solar light box

It is used for advertising light boxes and needs further development. With the continuous improvement of solar technology and light source technology, solar photovoltaic lighting will have more occasions and functions.

(8) Solar flashlight

Using LED as a light source, it can be used in field activities or emergency situations.

3. Classified according to the power supply mode of solar photovoltaic lighting source

(1) Direct power supply

The electricity generated by the solar panel is stored in the battery, and the battery directly supplies power to the light source.

(2) Indirect power supply (inverter power supply) The inverter converts direct current into alternating current, and then supplies power to the lighting source. Inverter power supply will increase power loss by 10% to 20%.