As a kind of sustainable renewable energy, solar energy is very tempting, the prospect of the sunlight, all can make use of this energy, in our ordinary life, access to the most in addition to the solar water heater, is the solar street lamps, and
as a sustainable renewable energy, solar energy' Solar power ( 太阳能) Can refer to the heat of the sun, See the three ways of heat transmission: radiation) , main show is often said that the sun's rays. 】 Is very tempting, the prospect of the sunlight, all can make use of this energy, in our ordinary life, access to the most in addition to the solar water heater, is the solar street lights, there are some emergency road signs, buoys, and so on.
some friends may produce such a question, why there is a solar panel ( Solar panels, 太阳能板) Is by absorbing sunlight, the solar radiation through the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect directly or indirectly converted into electrical energy device, the main material of most of the solar panel as the 'silicon', but because of the production cost is larger, so it widely used, we still have some limitations. 】 , under the condition of sunshine, there will be electricity? Beneath the sea ray lighting to explain in detail about the issue.
solar panels are generally USES the light response, and the ability to convert light energy into electricity, common is the silicon material, this is our store one of the most abundant materials on earth, with semiconductor properties, it laid the foundation for the process of photovoltaic solar panels.
the first thing to understand is, however, is very poor, the conductivity of pure silicon crystal structure, there is no free movement of electrons, to enhance the electrical conductivity, usually in the pure silicon material properly mixed with trace impurities, enhance its electrical conductivity, according to this characteristic, also can be made into different conductive device.
to make solar panels of silicon, usually add phosphorus and boron in 【 About 200 BC, ancient Egypt, Rome, the king of Babylon had made of boron the sand glass and welding gold. 】 , when mixed with boron, silicon crystals can form a hole, because the original silicon atom surrounded by four electrons, and boron atoms around only three electrons, mixed crystal structure after originally, also can produce hole, the hole is not electronic, is very unstable, it is easy to absorb other electronic, form a p-type semiconductor 【 P type semiconductor, also known as hole type semiconductor. 】 。
and after mixed with phosphorus impurities in silicon crystal, due to phosphorus atoms around 5 electronic, extra an electron will be very active, formation of n-type semiconductor 【 Also known as electronic semicoductor. 】 , P cavity in the semiconductor, n-type semiconductor has more active free electrons, when the two contact, these free electrons will find holes, the filling of the two contact surfaces, will form a potential difference, namely p-n junction, p-type side positively charged with positive and negative electricity, N side.
when receive light, the light that contain energy is transferred to the semiconductor, the energy will make electronic structure is loose, can move freely.
this is because the light energy will reduce the electron - — Cavity apart, in general, a certain energy photons will release an electron, just can form a free hole, if this kind of situation just happened near the interface, receive a built-in electric field, electron will flow into the n area, the hole will flow into the P area, formed a kind of from the n-type area to the current of P type area, form voltage battery power plant, also formed the power, to charge.